Oil purifying device



Aug. 1, 1939. J. E. HURN OIL PURIFYING DEVICE Filed March 16, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. l, 1939. J. E. HURN 2,168,124

OIL PURIFYING DEVICE Filed March 16. 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 "L f7/Z 07572755071' y, /fm'e 701; f@

Aug. 1, 1939. J. E. HURN OIL PURIFYING DEVICE Filed March 16, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet I5 425 ZQQ 5 l? Patented Aug. l, 1939 DIL PUBIFYING DEVICE James E. Hum, La Porte, Ind., asslgnor to De Luxe Products Corporation, a corporation of Indiana Application March 16, 1936, Serial No. 89,217

2l Claims. (Cl. 210-131) 'I'his invention is a method of and mechanism for clarifying and illtering lubricating oil, and more particularly for freeing lubricating oil in an internal combustion engine from impurities.

'I'his invention is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending application, Serial No. 702,529, filed December 15, 1933.

Oil filters heretofore produced for internal combustion engines have attempted to procure iiltering primarily by the use of straining means which will in time build up a layer of impurities suilicient to procure better filtering. The present invention is directed toward the use of a thick body of absorbent filtering medium through which oil is seeped under low velocity. In this manner, it is possible to divert only a small portion of the oil employed in an internal combustion engine and filter it so thoroughly that visual cleanliness as well as the necessary chemical cleanliness is maintained in the whole body. Experience has shown that with a filter of the type herein described, oil may be used without change during fty thousand miles or more of driving.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, in Which- Fig. l is a sectional elevation of a illter designed for use on an ordinary passenger automobi1e, the filter being drawn to scale; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the helical spring supi porting means within the cartridge of the filter: Fig. 3 is a detailed sectional view of the valve; Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation illustrating a dual filtering system; Fig. 5 is a sectional plan of an apparatus for forming a cartridge and having thereon a cartridge partially formed; Fig. 6 is an elevation of a metallic cartridge cover; and Fig. I is a view of a cartridge.

As illustrated in the drawings, I represents a filter housing, 2 is a cover enclosing the top thereof, and I represents a sump portion which is provided with a shoulder 3 adapted to support a cartridge. A tubular member 5 is iixedly seated in the bottom of the sump 4 and extends upwardly and centrally through the illter. The upper end of the tube is preferably threaded and a threaded extension III fitted therein. At the base of the filter an oil inlet 6 is provided which is tapped on to the pressure line leading from the internal combustion engine in such manner as to produce parallel flow through the filter. The diameter of the inlet 6 for an ordinary combustion engine is 1%" internal diameter, taking oi from a pressure line which is usually at least The inlet line is markedly narrowed at the passage 1, this passageway having an internal diameter of 5/3" on a truck size filter and 54" on a passenger car filter. The passageway 8 and the tubular member l are in diameter. In an upper portion of the tube. two openings 9 are provided 1/3" in diameter, through which oil is passed in a rapidly moving thin stream against the cone II. This cone is made preferably of a rigid material, for example, thin sheet metal, say of 30 gauge, and preferably is integrally connected to the filtering cartridge. Its upper portion is unbroken and its lower portion is provided with a large number of small perforations I2 through which oil passes into the illtering medium I3. The base Il of the cone is seated upon the shoulder 3 of the sump l.

Within the cartridge are provided means for supporting the normal resistance of the ltering medium to compression, which properly is in the form of a helical spring I5 which is amxed to the base I4 by welding or preferably by insertion of an end IB of the spring in a groove Il in the base. The filtering medium preferably consists of cellulosic fibers, which have the property of reacting with any sulfuric acid formed in the engine and thereby removing the same. The fibers should be extremely long and interconnected to prevent any possibility of channeling and should be dense enough to prevent compression, but not too dense to prevent free seepage of oil therethrough. The preferred method of forming a cartridge will be set forth hereinafter.

A sack or bag IB is attached to the top I9 of the cone II and surrounds the filtering medium, its other end 2li being fastened over the base of the cone, for example, by a shlrr string.

The cartridge 20, so formed, iits about the tubular member 5 and within the housing I. It is surmounted at the top by the perforated cap 22. shown in detail in Fig. 6. The nut 23 is threaded on the extension III, thus securing the cap 22 to it as a unit, and permitting removal of the cover at the same time as the extension In is removed. The extension III is pierced by the narrow passageway 24. The size of this passageway is correlated to the oil filtering capacity of the cartridge and the size of the inlet I so that when the ball valve 25 is open the capacity ot the filter will be substantially the same as the amount of oil admitted at the bottom, and thus will not build up pressure or substantially reduce it. The size of the passageway will depend upon the characteristics of the cartridge and also upon the characteristics of the oil employed. For most purposes, a diameter of is desired. This extension is shown in detail in Fig. 3. The ball valve 2l closes on the seat 2l, which should be smooth and cut back sharply enough to provide full flow for opening of the valve. 'I'he valve is held normally in closed podtion by the spring 21 which may be adjusted by the screw 28. A plug 28 is provided above the seatscrew iltting against the shoulder 2l in the wheel 2i. The upper portion of the extension il forms an enlarged knob 22 which is transversely pierced by the handle Il.

The cover 2 is seated about the extension iii below the knob and the washer 24 and likewise may be integrally removed with the cap 22. A gasket Il is provided between the cover 2 and the shoulder 36 of the housing. A chamber 31 is formed between the cap 22 oi' the cartridge and the cover 2 of the housing and from this the outlet Ill is connected in any suitable manner to' the crankcase. The opening 3l is large enough to remove all oil ltered through or passed through the valve 2l without building any substantial pressure in the chamber Il. Normally, a 2%4" opening ls suillcient.

A drain 39, fitted with a plug 40, is provided at the base of the sump.

The formation of the cartridge is of great importance in the production of a successful iilter. 'Ihe material of the cartridge should be such that strong acid such as sulfuric, which may be formed in an internal combustion engine, will be chemically removed by the ltering material. Cellulosic fibers, such as cotton, paper and the like, will remove such acids, when formed, by reacting therewith. The material and its method of agglomeration must likewise be such as to prevent any substantial channeling oi' oil through the filter upon use. Channeling is extremely dimcult to prevent, and any loose heterogeneous inass of material will channel badly unless special precautions are taken to prevent it. The cartridge should also be of such a density that it will permit oil to flow through it freely and yet remove from it the impurities, and likewise must have suiiicient elasticity or rigidity that it will not compress markedly under the permitted stresses to which it is subjected. In the present filter, this requires a correlation between the pressure at which the valve 2l will open and the compression point of the cartridge. For example. a cartridge is hereinaiter produced to withstand a pressure of the order of 40 pounds per square inch without noticeable compression, and accordingly the valve 25 is set so that the cartridge will not be sub- Jected to any greater 'pressure drop across the cartridge. At the same time. in the present structure it is considered that the back pressure from the chamber I'l will be zero under the conditions where the operating pressure on the valve 25 exceeds 40 pounds and therefore the maximum pressure to which the cartridge is subjected. as well as the pressure drop across it, is limited to the compression point thereof.

In Fig. 5 is illustrated the preferred manner of producing the cartridge. The string material is pure cotton thread, free from lint and short ends and what in the trade is known as thread stock in knotted form, which consists o! broken bobbins of various size threads. This material is known as No. 659 white yarn waste and preferably has a minimum thread size of 70, and a maximum not over 40. These threads form loose yarns containing about 10 to 200 threads in each strand. The strands having much more thread than this are discarded (generally those which have a diameter o! more than 1%" when loose). These strands are passed through rollers to crush the knots, and then are ginned upon a large rotating wheel having rows of teeth 4 to 5 inches apart and about an inch apart in the rows. The wheel has a diameter oi' about 40" and a width of about 12". It rotates at about 40 R.. P. M. and the thread winds up upon it. The mass is then removed in the form of a band of loose yarn material, the broken groups or masses of threads being stretched out but not losing their identity. The loose or short ends are discarded. and the material is then weighed out in the desired amounts. A seven-foot section oi' this material contains about enough material for one cartridge. The requisite amount of material for a cartridge is measured, the rope of material is then divided about in half to form a fourteen-foot rope of half the size. and is fed into the winding device shown in Fig. 5.

This device comprises a spindle Il carrying a chuck 42, provided with two pins 43 which engage corresponding perforations M in the base of the cone Ii. which has been iitted over the spindle from the other end. A cylinder Il encloses the spindle. The spring i5, which is a lefthand wound helical, has previously been attached to the base of the cone, and its last convolution forms a triangular slot adjacent the base. A cover plate IB is supplied at the opposite end of the spindle and is held in place by the block I6. In many instances, a small amount of the thread material is wrapped about the base oi' the cone and under the spring, there sometimes being dimculty in securing complete and uniform stuihng at this point. The spindle is then rotated at about 60 R. P. M. in the direction such that the end of the cotton will be caught under the spring and held there. The cotton is spread in a ribbon approximately the length of the cartridge and is fed through a slot I8 of about diameter while held by the workman under considerable tension. The material is fed to produce a uniform cartridge. the strands being moved forward. if necessary, as one portion of the cartridge becomes filled. The tension provided is sufiicient that 7% ounces of the cotton :fibers will occupy 62 cubic inches of cartridge space. If the material is wound too hard, it will expand after removal from the cylinder. The cartridge preferably should be able to stand, with the spring, a compression limit of 40 pounds. plus or minus 5 pounds.

When the material has been lled in, it will be in the form of circumferentially parallel or spirally wound ilbers, tightly wound in and about the helical in such manner that channeling does not occur on use of the cartridge.

The bag IB before the winding operation is attached to the top of the cone and lies flat along the spindle, a rubber band (not shown) holding it on the cone. At the close oi the operation, the block 46 and plate 45 are removed and the stocking pulled over the outside oi' the cylinder 4l. The cartridge is then pushed out of the cylinder by the chuck 42 into another friction member 50, which pulls the stocking i8 back and holds the cotton in, the stocking being stretched considerably and pulled down over the outside and fastened by a shirr string over the [base of the cone.

drawing the cartridge from the lter and eliminates the use of tools for this purpose.

A cartridge satisfactory for use in ordinary passenger car engines is long by 4" in diameter, and contains 60.2 cubic inches, of which 7.2 cubic inches is occupied by the hollow cone. This type of cartridge contains 71A ounces of cotton material. For other larger motors the larger cartridge is used, for example, with a truck motor, a 6" high cartridge of the same diameter and containing 9 ounces of cotton, may be employed.

A preferred size of cone has a base of 3%", an internal diameter of 2 inches at the bottom, and a height of 3.75". With such a cone, a large number of small holes is preferred. For example, it has been found that holes of 1/5" in diameter, separated approximately ik", beginning about an eighth oi' an inch above the base of the cone, and arranged in circumferential rows oi holes about 10 deep, are preferred. This will provide approximately 250 holes extending approximately two inches into the cone.

The orifices 0 preferably discharge oil into the cone at a point about halfway between the top holes and the top of the cone.

The angle of the cone is so correlated to the now oi.' oil and the size of the sump that a quiescent body is provided within which impurities may settle .out of the oil. With the system shown. the oil moving from the orices 0 impinges in a narrow moving stream upon the upper rigid walls of the cone in a manner to precipitate large impurities, but at the same time keep the walls of the cone clean. The oil then moves downwardly, its area of iiow increasing, and its velocity therefore decreasing, but suiiicient velocity being maintained along the edges of the cone so that the wash of oil across the openings I2 is sufficient to keep them from clogging with impurities, as is frequently the case where oil is discharged directly into a filtering medium. At the same time, at the lower portion of the cone and in the sump, a zone 0f quiescence is provided within which heavy impurities may settle out.

The helical i5, which is anchored, as described, on the base of the cone, is formed of heavy steel material 111g" in diameter and of suiicient strength to withstand 40 pounds compression when combined with a mass of cotton material. This means generally that the spring will stand l0 pounds pressure at 3%" length without the cotton material. i

The spring is 41A" high, has an external diameter at the bottom of 3%", 2%" in the middle, and 51/5" at the top. It is preferably shaped to follow the inclination of the cone, up to and including the' first turn above the highest opening in the cone, and from that point on, the slope of the helical is reversed to provide maximum support to the upper mass of filtering medium.

It is important in preparing the iilter to correlate the mass of filtering medium to the amount oi oil passing therethrough; to correlate the viscosity of the oil to the depth of the mass, and also the depth of the mass to the area ci' it through which oil may enter. This means in many instances that doubling the inlet area for the oil means more than doubling the mass of ltering medium above it. For this reason, it has been found advisable in many instances to use a dual installation in which a pair of cartridges are fed in a single system rather than to attempt to built a larger unit, inasmuch as there may be a considerable saving in the amount of material required.

It will be noted in the construction of filters shown that from the time the oil passes through the orifices 0 until it has completed its passage through the filter, its available area of flow is being constantly widened. Thus, after leaving the orices the oil passes down the cone, the cross sectional area of which is constantly increasing, and thereafter enters the cartridge at its narrowest point and ows upwardly therethrough, likewise with increasing cross section. This permits better distribution of impurities throughout the cartridge, there being less of a tendency for all of them to be deposited at the beginning.

The shape of the cartridge also is such that impurities tending to settle out after long use do not clog the oil entrances, but in the event of such settling will be caught in the lower legs of the cartridge.

The construction of the filter is such that oil passing through it may be considered as being in several well dened pressure zones, which are induced by the various valve-like passages through which the oil is forced to proceed. For example, with a line pressure of 40 pounds, the pressure upon the valve 25 has been found to be 20 pounds (this test being with an S. A. E. 40 oil) the pressure in the sump pounds, the pressure in the middle of the cartridge 13 pounds, and the pressure in the top of the i'llter housing 8 pounds. The pressure in the top is larger, due to the high viscosity of the oil, there being no substantial pressure in the top with a lighter or hotter oil. When the line pressure was reduced to 30 pounds with the same oil, the valve pressure became l5, the sump pressure l2, the cartridge pressure 10, and the return pressure 61/2.

The figures given below indicate the typical amount of oil passing through oil filters equipped in accordance with this invention and with cartridges prepared as herein described, under various conditions.

Passenger size automobile illter equipped with inlet, and employing S. A. E. oil.

Gals. per hr. 40 pounds pressure 200 70 40 pounds pressure 180 67 40 pounds pressure 160 63 40 pounds pressure 140 551/2 40 pounds pressure 120 451/2 40 pounds pressure 100 38 Gals. per hr. 30 pounds pressure 200 58 30 pounds pressure 180 541/2 30 pounds pressure 160 511/2 30 pounds pressure 140 451/2 30 pounds pressure 120 371/2 30 pounds pressure 100 30 Gals. per hr. 20 pounds pressure 200 46 20 pounds pressure 180 411/2 20 pounds pressure 160 38 20 pounds pressure 140 34 20 pounds pressure 120 27 20 pounds pressure 100 20 Gals. per hr. 10 pounds pressure 200 10 pounds pressure 180 27 10 pounds pressure 160 24 l0 pounds pressure 140 20 10 pounds pressure 120 161/2 l0 pounds pressure 100 1li/2 Passenger sise automobile iilter equipped with i." inlet. and employing E. A. E. 40 oil.

Gals. per hr. 40 pounds pressure 200` 83 40 pounds pressure 180" 58 40 pounds pressure 160 60 40 pounds pressure 140 44% 40 pounds pressure 120 96 40 pounds pressure 100 22 Gals. per hr. 30 pounds pressure 200 62 30 pounds pressure 100 47 30 pounds pressure 160 42 30 pounds pressure 140 35 30 pounds pressure 120 18 30 pounds pressure 100 15% 20 pounds ,pressure 200 39% 20 pounds pressure 100 36% 20 pounds pressure 160 33 20 pounds pressure 140 231/2 20 pounds pressure 120 19% 20 pounds pressure 100 12% Gais. per hr. 10 pounds pressure 200 25 l pounds pressure 180 23 pounds pressure 160 19 10 pounds pressure 140 14 10 pounds pressure 120 9 10 pounds pressure 100 0 III Commercial truck unit equipped with Y, inlet, and employing S. A. E. 40 oil.

Gals. per hr. 40 pounds pressure 200 04 40 pounds pressure 180 58% 40 pounds pressure 180 53 40 pounds pressure 140 40 40 pounds pressure 140 30 40 pounds pressure 100 20 Gals. per hr. 30 pounds pressure 200 52 30 pounds pressure 180 46 30 pounds pressure 180 40 30 pounds pressure 140" 29% 30 pounds pressure 120 23 30 pounds pressure 100 14 Gals. per hr. pounds pressure 200 40 20 pounds pressure 180 34 20 pounds pressure 160 29 20 pounds pressure 140 24 20 pounds pressure 120 14% 20 pounds pressure 100 9 Gais. per hr. 10 pounds pressure 200 24 10 pounds pressure 100 21 10 pounds pressure 100 17 10 pounds pressure 140 12 10 pounds pressure 120 8 10 pounds pressure 100 4% Commercial truck unit equipped with 1,6" inlet, and employing B. A. E. 20 oil.

Gallons per boor 09 00% o7 68 00 60 50 4l 41 3l 31M 24 4854 00M 4l 33 '24 22M lr 20 pounds pressure 211 42 40 20 pounds 180 ili 34 35 29 30 22 2254 l0 i5 12 l0 pounds pressure 2m 20 22 l0 pounds pressure 180. 28% l0 10 pounds pressure i 22 i2 10 pounds pressure 140. 17 l1 l0 pounds pressure im" 12 8 l0 pounds pressure 100 8 0 The term base" as applied to the filter cartridge herein is used to denote the side thereof from which the oil enters, regardless of the position thereof with respect to the vertical.

The following table shows typical satisfactory filter dimensions for ordinary truck and passenger car use. All dimensions are in inches.

Oil feed line 0 Ms Me Oriilee to tube is 964 Tube internal diameter. it 56 Tube length B-'ii lidi Oriiioes 0 diameter- 5i .l Distance-orifice to cone die n Cartridge height lii artridge volume. (77.8) 02 Cartridge diameter. 4H 4 Gone diameter base. 4M 4 Cone internal diameter at base- 2 2 Cone height 3% 354 Cone holes diameter M H one holes number 250 260 Cone volume 7. 2 7. 2 Helical height 454-84 4% Vnlve pressure 40 40 Bump depth 44 1% il outlet diameter its ha Outlet 2-1 diameter )44 o iii-, e Cartridge material weight 9 oz. 'lie oz.

A cartridge prepared in accordance with the foregoing disclosure has the unusual and inherent property oi' not substantially increasing its resistance to the passage of oil upon continued use, even to the point where the tllter has absorbed within it all of the asphaltic material which it will retain. When this condition occurs the iilter continues to pass oil but the oil which passes throush it is not clean.

The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, but the appended claims should be construed as broadly as permissible in view of the prior art.

I claim:

1. A cartridge for a lubricating oil filter comprising a thick mass oi' iibrous absorbent material pierced at its base by a hollow conical depression and internally supported by a metallic helix, the oonvolutions of the helix being roughly parallel to the conical member throughout its extent.

2. A cartridge lor an oil filter comprising a arcanes dense homogeneous fibrous mass packed tightly enought to provide no free channels for oil and to remove substantially completely in passage therethrough asphaltic oxidized materials formed in heated oil, and reinforced by an internal metallic support within the body of the absorbent. material to provide throughout a highly compression resistant body.

3. A cartridge for an oil tllter as set forth in claim 2 in which the support is a steel helix centrally located in the material.

4. A disposable oil lter cartridge having yielding sides adapted to form an oil seal with a housing within which the cartridge is fitted, a metallic base, a mass of absorbent material upon the base, an oil corrodable fabric casing enclosing the absorbent material, and a thin metallic bail at the top of the cartridge anchored to the metallic base.

5. A cartridge for a lubricating oil filter comprising a thick body oi fibrous absorptive material packed tightly enough to remove asphaltic oxidized portions formed in the oil on heating, the base of said body being cut away to form a conic section, a rigid walled member of substantially impervious material within and contacting said section provided with a plurality of openings to the absorptive material at a lower portion of the section.

6. The method of iltering oil containing sludge which comprises passing the oil into a mass of absorbent material packed closely enough to prevent the entrance of gross particles of sludge, the movement of the unfiltered oil toward the absorbent material being in a direction and at a velocity to wash from the entrance face of the absorbent material substantially all sludge. whereby the face is continually kept free of sludge, and collecting sludge washed therefrom in a lower quiescent zone.

7. A cartridge for an oil filter comprising a dense homogeneous fibrous mass packed tightly enough fto provide no free channels for oil and to remove substantially completely in passage therethrough asphaltic oxidized materials formed in heated oil, and reinforced by an internal supporting element within the body of the absorbent material to provide throughout a highly compression resistant body.

8. A cartridge for an oil f'llter comprising a dense homogeneous body of fibrous absorbent material packed tightly enough to provide no free channels for oil and to remove substantially completely in passage therethrough asphaltic oxidized materials formed in heated oil, said body having a density markedly less than the density of the absorbent material in it, said body reinforced by a supporting element separate from the body of absorbent material for supporting said body of absorbent material throughout its entire extent against compression under normal oil system pressures.

9. In an oil pressure system, an absorption type oil filter cartridge comprising, a dense homogeneous body of brous absorbent material packed tightly enough to provide no free channels for oil and to remove substantially cornpletely in passage therethrough asphaltic oxidized materials formed in heated oil, said body having a density markedly less than the density of the absorbent material in it, said body reinforced by a supporting element separate from the body of absorbent material for supporting said body of absorbent material throughout its entire extent against compression under normal oil system pressures. means for supplying oil to the cartridge, means for removing filtered oil therefrom, and means for limiting the oil pressure on the cartridge to the normal pressure of the oil system.

i0. An oil illter, comprising a housing enclosing a chamber having a sump in a lower portion thereof, a discharge opening for the sump, an oil filtering unit spacedly mounted in the housing above the sump, an outlet; a tube positioned in the housing chamber, its bottom opening providing an inlet for oil. and its upper end being provided with a valve assembly adapted to determine the maximum pressure of liquid in said tube, an outlet in the wall of said tube within the confines oi' the illtering unit, and a removable cover for said illter.

11. An oil purifying and filtering device having an inlet opening from the pressure side of a lubricating system and an outlet opening to the system, comprising a casing having a sump, an open top, an enclosing cover for said top, an elongated tube ilxedly seated in the base of the casing including the inlet opening and extending upwardly through the center of the device to a point substantially in the plane of the rim of the open top, there being perforations in the wall of the tube within a filtering unit and a threading in its upper end, the cover being provided with a member central thereof having a threaded portion and adapted to coact with the threaded end of the elongated central tube and lock the device into a closed unit, and a ltering unit encircling the elongated tube above the settling chamber.

12. An oil illter comprising a. housing enclosing a primary chamber, a thick resilient filter cartridge within the housing closing the primary chamber intermedially of its height, a metallic tube extending centrally through the chamber and the cartridge and provided with an opening 'to the cartridge and having an opening adapted to be connected to an oil lubricating system external to the iilter, means for pressing the cartridge upon the tube to form a seal, a removable cover for the housing, and a locking means centrally assembled in the cover adapted to interlock with the upper end of the tube and assemble the housing, tube and cover into a unit.

13. An oil filter comprising a housing enclosing a primary chamber, a thick resilient illter cartridge within the housing closing the primary chamber intermedially of its height, a. metallic tube extending centrally through the chamber and the cartridge and provided with an opening thereto between the ends of the cartridge and having an opening adapted to be connected to an oil lubricating system external to the filter, a removable cover for the housing, and a locking means centrally assembled in the cover adapted to interlock with the upper end of the tube and assemble the housing, tube and cover into a unit.

14. An oil filter comprising a housing enclosing a primary chamber, a thick resilient filter cartridge within the housing closing the primary chamber intermediately of its height, a metallic tube extending centrally through the chamber and the cartridge and provided with an opening thereto and having an opening adapted to be connected to an oil lubricating system external to the filter, a removable cover for the housing, a foraminous cap inside the cover, means associated with the cover for pressing the cap upon the cartridge to cause the cartridge to press itself upon the tube, and a locking means centrally assembled in the cover adapted to interlock with Patent No. 2,168,124.

the upper end of the tube and assemble the housing, tube and cover into a unit.

15. An oil iilter comprising a housing enclosing a primary chamber, a thick resilient filter cartridge within the housing, a metallic tube extending centrally through the chamber and at least partially through'the cartridge and provided with an opening thereto and having an opening adapted to be connected to an oil lubricating system external to the iilter, a removable cover for the housing, a locking means centrally assembled in the cover adapted to interlock with the upper end oi the tube and assemble the housing, tube and cover into a unit, and a pressure regulated opening associated with the tube at a point on the opposite side of the lter cartridge from the opening in the tube to the primary chamber.

16. An oil iilter comprising a housing. a thick body o! absorptive material within the housing, the base of the absorptive material forming a diminishing conical section, the upper portion oi the section being provided with rigid walls',y a tube associated with the conical section, a vent in the tube within the section, the vent being positioned to feed oil in a rapidly moving stream against said rigid walls. means for feeding oil to said tube, means for removing filtered oil from the housing, and a sump in the housing positioned to receive and retain impurities washed from said rigid walls by said rapidly moving stream.

17.' A cartridge for a lubricating oil lter comprising a thick mass of fibrous absorbent material pierced at its base by a hollow conical member and internally supported by a structural supporting helix, the convolutions o! thehelix being roughly parallel to the conical member throughout its extent.

18. A cartridge in which the sides of the cartridges are yielding, and in which the cartridge is provided with a rigid base, a mass oi' lterlng amarsi material upon the base and with a thin ilexible handle at the top anchored to the rigid base.

19. A disposable oil iilter cartridge having yielding sides, a rigid base, a mass oi' absorbent ltering material upon the base. an oil corrodable fabric casing enclosing the absorbent material. and a thin flexible metallic handle at the top oi the cartridge anchored to the metallic base.

20. A disposable unit cylindrical cartridge for an oil illter, comprising a cylindrical mass of absorbent material having an entrance face for oil near one end and an exit face near the other, said cartridge having a central opening longitudinally therethrough, the opening being materially larger at the entrance face than at the exit face of the cartridge, the cartridge about the opening at a point between the exit and entrance face being yielding and adapted to form an oil tight seal with a tube passed through said.

cartridge.

21. An oil iilter adapted to operate on heated lubricating oil circulating in a lubricating system, comprising a housing providing space for a ltering element, a filtering element therein, by-pass means for admitting oil from the lubricating system to the housing, a tube through the housing connected to the oil inlet means by a restricted opening whereby oil pressure is substantially reduced under normal operating conditions, said tube having a restricted opening to the inlet side of the filter whereby oil pressure on the filtering element space is further substantially reduced under normal operating conditions. an outlet for removing filtered oil from the housing, said tube likewise having a communication with the outlet, and a valve at an upper portion of the tube for limiting the maximum oil pressure on the filtering element space.

JAMES E. HURN.

CERTIFICATE F CORRECTION.

August l, 1959.

JAMES E. HURN.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification or the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, first column, line 75, for the word "built" read build; page li, first column, line b9, table III; for "1h00" read 120; page 5, second column, line 65, claim 1h., for "intemediately" read intemedially; and that the said Letters Patent shouldbe read with this correction therein that the same may con- .form to the record of' the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 5th day o1' September, A. D. 1959.

Henry Van Arsdale,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Patent No. 2,168,124.

the upper end of the tube and assemble the housing, tube and cover into a unit.

15. An oil iilter comprising a housing enclosing a primary chamber, a thick resilient filter cartridge within the housing, a metallic tube extending centrally through the chamber and at least partially through'the cartridge and provided with an opening thereto and having an opening adapted to be connected to an oil lubricating system external to the iilter, a removable cover for the housing, a locking means centrally assembled in the cover adapted to interlock with the upper end oi the tube and assemble the housing, tube and cover into a unit, and a pressure regulated opening associated with the tube at a point on the opposite side of the lter cartridge from the opening in the tube to the primary chamber.

16. An oil iilter comprising a housing. a thick body o! absorptive material within the housing, the base of the absorptive material forming a diminishing conical section, the upper portion oi the section being provided with rigid walls',y a tube associated with the conical section, a vent in the tube within the section, the vent being positioned to feed oil in a rapidly moving stream against said rigid walls. means for feeding oil to said tube, means for removing filtered oil from the housing, and a sump in the housing positioned to receive and retain impurities washed from said rigid walls by said rapidly moving stream.

17.' A cartridge for a lubricating oil lter comprising a thick mass of fibrous absorbent material pierced at its base by a hollow conical member and internally supported by a structural supporting helix, the convolutions o! thehelix being roughly parallel to the conical member throughout its extent.

18. A cartridge in which the sides of the cartridges are yielding, and in which the cartridge is provided with a rigid base, a mass oi' lterlng amarsi material upon the base and with a thin ilexible handle at the top anchored to the rigid base.

19. A disposable oil iilter cartridge having yielding sides, a rigid base, a mass oi' absorbent ltering material upon the base. an oil corrodable fabric casing enclosing the absorbent material. and a thin flexible metallic handle at the top oi the cartridge anchored to the metallic base.

20. A disposable unit cylindrical cartridge for an oil illter, comprising a cylindrical mass of absorbent material having an entrance face for oil near one end and an exit face near the other, said cartridge having a central opening longitudinally therethrough, the opening being materially larger at the entrance face than at the exit face of the cartridge, the cartridge about the opening at a point between the exit and entrance face being yielding and adapted to form an oil tight seal with a tube passed through said.

cartridge.

21. An oil iilter adapted to operate on heated lubricating oil circulating in a lubricating system, comprising a housing providing space for a ltering element, a filtering element therein, by-pass means for admitting oil from the lubricating system to the housing, a tube through the housing connected to the oil inlet means by a restricted opening whereby oil pressure is substantially reduced under normal operating conditions, said tube having a restricted opening to the inlet side of the filter whereby oil pressure on the filtering element space is further substantially reduced under normal operating conditions. an outlet for removing filtered oil from the housing, said tube likewise having a communication with the outlet, and a valve at an upper portion of the tube for limiting the maximum oil pressure on the filtering element space.

JAMES E. HURN.

CERTIFICATE F CORRECTION.

August l, 1959.

JAMES E. HURN.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification or the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, first column, line 75, for the word "built" read build; page li, first column, line b9, table III; for "1h00" read 120; page 5, second column, line 65, claim 1h., for "intemediately" read intemedially; and that the said Letters Patent shouldbe read with this correction therein that the same may con- .form to the record of' the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 5th day o1' September, A. D. 1959.

Henry Van Arsdale,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

